Euthanasia Centers

In 1939, with Hitler’s financial backing, a series of “euthanasia centers” began to appear.

Beginning in the fall of 1939, gassing installations were established at Bernburg, Brandenburg, Grafeneck, Hadamar, Hartheim, and Sonnenstein. Patients were selected by doctors and transferred from clinics to one of these centralized gassing installations and killed.

These “euthanasia centers” were widespread throughout Germany.

On January 9, [1939] the first “gassing test” using carbon monoxide took place in the Brandenburg sanitarium. Between 18 and 20 people were killed, watched by psychiatrists, physicians, and nurses. In 1941, the psychiatric institution at Hadamar celebrated the cremation of its 10,000th patient where everyone—secretaries, nurses, and psychiatrists—received a bottle of beer for the occasion.


It was at these centers that the prototype for the mass killings was developed. The “patients” were gassed, and bodies cremated.

T4 CenterOperation timetableNumber of victims
T4 CenterFromTotal
Grafeneck20 January 19409,839
Brandenburg8 February 19409,772
Bernburg21 November 19408,601
Hartheim6 May 194018,269
SonnensteinJune 194013,720
HadamarJanuary 194110,072
Total 70,273

It is important to note that this was almost three years before the first mass killing facility, Chemlo, went into operation. When Chemlo went into operation, the killing became an industry.

Tiergartenstrasse 4 – Aktion T4

No discussion of the Holocaust is complete without a discussion of Aktion T4. Many consider Aktion T4 to be the dress rehearsal for the Holocaust.

The [T4] Euthanasia Program represented in many ways a rehearsal for Nazi Germany’s subsequent genocidal policies. The Nazi leadership extended the ideological justification conceived by medical perpetrators for the destruction of the “unfit” to other categories of perceived biological enemies, most notably to Jews and Roma (Gypsies).

Planners of the “Final Solution” later borrowed the gas chamber and accompanying crematoria, specifically designed for the T4 campaign, to murder Jews in German-occupied Europe. T4 personnel who had shown themselves reliable in this first mass murder program figured prominently among the German staff stationed at the Operation Reinhard killing centers of Belzec, Sobibor, and Treblinka.

The description of the operation of Aktion T4 bears an uncomfortable resemblance to an Orwellian novel.

Beginning in October 1939, public health authorities began to encourage parents of children with disabilities to admit their young children to one of a number of specially designated pediatric clinics throughout Germany and Austria. In reality, the clinics were children’s killing wards. There, specially recruited medical staff, murdered their young charges by lethal overdoses of medication or by starvation.

There is not much more to say about this. It was methodical, cold blooded and efficient, and, under guidance of medical professions It grew into the Holocaust.


Why the Silence?

After the end of World War 2, as the Nuremberg trials began, a large number of psychiatrists were due to stand trial. The American Psychiatric Association feared that because of the actions of these psychiatrists the profession would carry a permanent black mark, so pressure was applied to minimize the number of psychiatric defendants.

The involvement of Ernst Rüdin was thoroughly whitewashed. Three types of accounts have been identified:

  • Those who write about German psychiatric genetics in the Nazi period, but either fail to mention Rüdin at all, or cast him in a favorable light
  • Those who acknowledge that Rüdin helped promote eugenic sterilization and/or may have worked with the Nazis, but generally paint a positive picture of Rüdin’s research and fail to mention his participation in the “euthanasia” killing program
  • Those who have written that Rüdin committed and supported unspeakable atrocities.”

After the war, the German Medical Association blamed Nazi atrocities on a small group of 350 criminal doctors.[1] It was not until the 21st century that the truth started to appear.

And let us never forget how massive these events were and it is easy to miss details, even significant details.


Some Quotes

From the website of the German psychiatric association.

Without the initiative and support of psychiatrists and other doctors, the national socialist „euthanasia“ programme could not have been implemented.”

 *German Association for Psychiatry,Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics

  -DGPPN Website


In 2010, Schneider, then president of the DGPPN*, formally asked the victims of the Nazi era and their families for “forgiveness for the pain and injustice [they] suffered in the name of German psychiatry and at the hands of German psychiatrists under National Socialism, and for the silence, trivialization, and denial that for far too long characterized psychiatry in post-war Germany.


Investigative journalist Victor H. Bernstein stated: “I am sure that Prof. Rüdin never so much as killed a fly in his 74 years. I am also sure he is one of the most evil men in Germany.”